Laboratory Assessment of Host Plant Selection of the Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (Halyomorpha halys)
Beatrice Nuck Dingha,
Sushil Nyaupane,
Louis Ernest Jackai
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 2, June 2020
Pages:
26-34
Received:
22 June 2020
Accepted:
16 July 2020
Published:
10 August 2020
Abstract: The behavioral response of brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), to various phenological growth stages (leaf, flower and pod/seed/kernel) of six host plants (soybean, corn, sunflower, Early Scarlet and Mississippi Silver cowpeas, and princess tree leaf) was investigated in a Dual Choice Arena Test (DCAT) and Multiple Choice Arena Test (MCAT). In DCAT, each experiment consisted of one of the growth stages of each plant with princess tree leaf as the standard. In MCAT, two experiments were conducted using: (1) similar growth stages from the different plants and (2) different growth stages from the same plant. Halyomorpha halys distribution was observed at time intervals up to 24 hours after insects were released. Results from MCAT and Preference Index (PI) from the DCAT indicated that more H. halys were recorded on princess tree leaves. Mississippi Silver (PI=1.59±0.05) and Early Scarlet (PI=1.49±0.08) flowers were preferred over princess tree leaves and other flowers (PI≤1). Sunflower seed was the least preferred (PI=0.43±0.18) among similar growth stages. Overall, the reproductive stages were preferred over the vegetative stage. Our findings can be useful in developing management programs such as trap cropping for this pest.
Abstract: The behavioral response of brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), to various phenological growth stages (leaf, flower and pod/seed/kernel) of six host plants (soybean, corn, sunflower, Early Scarlet and Mississippi Silver cowpeas, and princess tree leaf) was investigated in a Dual Choice Arena Test (DCAT) and Multi...
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Morphological Anomaly in the Scutum of Bichromomyia olmeca bicolor (Diptera: Psychodidae), Captured in Iñapari Town, Trinational Border Peru, Brazil and Bolivia
Antônio Luís Ferreira de Santana,
Rodrigo Espindola Godoy,
Nataly Araujo Souza,
Júlia dos Santos Silva,
Gloria Minaya Gómez,
Nyshon Rojas Palomino,
Carlos Magallanes Benavides,
Abraham Germán Cáceres,
Monica Guardo,
Alfredo Carlos Rodrigues de Azevedo
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 2, June 2020
Pages:
35-38
Received:
31 July 2020
Accepted:
14 August 2020
Published:
31 August 2020
Abstract: Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) are small diptera that represent a group of approximately 1,000 known species around the world, of which 530 were found in the Americas. The females are hematophagous, a characteristic that makes them capable of participating in the transmission of etiological agents that cause diseases, such as leishmaniasis, bartonellosis, and arboviral diseases. Classical taxonomy requires knowledge of morphological and morphometric patterns for the correct classification and identification of species. In the classification and identification of sand flies it is common incomplete species descriptions, erroneous associations between sexes, as the existence of morphologically close or indistinguishable species, and polymorphic species make a correct diagnosis difficult. Another problem with classical taxonomy in sand flies is the occurrence of anomalies, which are generally observed in paired morphological structures. In September 2017 during surveillance for leishmaniasis in Iñapari Town, Peru, sand flies were captured using light traps for three consecutive nights. During entomological surveillance, 55 specimens were identified, including a female of Bichromomyia olmeca bicolor (Fairchild & Theodor) showing an unusual structure not previously reported in sand flies. Within the median region of the scutum, a spine projection was observed, measuring 39.4 μm. The spine displayed a discrete surface convexity directed towards the anterior region of the thorax. Bilateral and unilateral anomalies have often been described in sand flies, mainly in structures that are under substantial evolutionary pressure, such as reproductive organs of males and females. The anomaly observed in Bi. olmeca bicolor is the first reported in the thorax of sand flies. An observation of similar anomalies from different species and in different countries shows the need for more studies to elucidate the causes for the occurrence of this phenomenon.
Abstract: Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) are small diptera that represent a group of approximately 1,000 known species around the world, of which 530 were found in the Americas. The females are hematophagous, a characteristic that makes them capable of participating in the transmission of etiological agents that cause diseases,...
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Mass Rearing of Haplaxius crudus (Hemiptera: Cixiidae), an Important Insect Pest in the Palm Oil Industry of Colombia
Ivette Johana Beltran-Aldana,
Alex Enrique Bustillo-Pardey,
Anuar Morales-Rodriguez
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 2, June 2020
Pages:
39-44
Received:
13 August 2020
Accepted:
31 August 2020
Published:
25 September 2020
Abstract: The palm leafhopper, Haplaxius crudus (Van Duzee) (Hemiptera: Cixiidae), is a vector of the pathogen that causes the lethal wilt disease in oil palm in Colombia. The development of a methodology for mass rearing of this insect is required to study its biology, behavior, population control, and to determine the causal agent of the lethal wilt disease. The experiment was carried out in Colombia, at the Research Experimental Center "Palmar de las Corocoras" of Cenipalma. The environmental conditions of the rearing unit during the study were 25.7±3.4°C, and 85±13% R. H. The mass production of H. crudus required the performance of five processes: 1) Planting and maintenance of Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Mombasa grass, which hosts H. crudus nymphs, and of coconut palms (Cocos nucifera L.) var. dwarf yellow, to hold the adult insects; 2) Collecting nymphs in fields to create a breeding stock; 3) Infesting clumps of P. maximum grass with H. crudus eggs; 4) Maintaining the infested clumps, and 5) Trapping of emerging adults in cages. The time from the infestation of the clumps of grass, to the emergence of adults took 56.2±4.1 days. The rearing unit reached an average production of 3,145 adults per week (52.8% female and 47.2% male). The development of this rearing enables the production of enough H. crudus individuals to research lethal wilt, to mitigate the impact of this disease on the Colombian oil palm growing industry.
Abstract: The palm leafhopper, Haplaxius crudus (Van Duzee) (Hemiptera: Cixiidae), is a vector of the pathogen that causes the lethal wilt disease in oil palm in Colombia. The development of a methodology for mass rearing of this insect is required to study its biology, behavior, population control, and to determine the causal agent of the lethal wilt diseas...
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